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Duke Law School Conference on

International Law, Human Rights
and the Death Penalty:

Toward an International Understanding of the Fundamental Principles of Just Punishment

July 19 and 20, 2002
Mandarin Oriental Hotel du Rhône
Geneva, Switzerland

Participant Biographies

Cynthia "Cindy" Adcock is a legal educator and a practicing lawyer. She has represented inmates on North Carolina's death row since 1993 in both state and federal court, as well as before the Governor of North Carolina. She has taught at Duke University Law School since 1995, where she teaches in the Death Penalty Clinic and also the Law of Lawyering course, an upper-level ethics and professional responsibility course. In addition, Professor Adcock is a specialist on the subject of how law schools inspire and enable students to engage in public service. She recently served for two years as the Director of the Pro Bono Project of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in Washington D.C. Since 2001, she has continued to work on pro bono and other legal education issues and projects through the AALS, the American Bar Association, and Duke Law School. Professor Adcock received a J.D. from Duke Law School, a Masters in Public Policy from the Duke Sanford Institute of Public Policy, a Masters of Divinity from the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, and a B.A. from Carson-Newman College.

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Robert Badinter, a French Senator and former French Minister of Justice under François Mitterrand's first seven-year term, was the prime mover behind his country's decision to abolish the death penalty in 1981. His latest book l'Abolition begins on November 24th, 1972, the day on which Roger Bontemps, whose defence he led, was executed. Senator Badinter received his B. A. from the Sorbonne, an L. L. B. from the Paris School of Law, 1947, a Master's decree from Columbia University and an L. L. D. from Paris University. Senator Badinter is a Barrister and member of the Paris Bar, has served as Professor of Law at Paris University I, Panthéon Sorbonne. From 1986 to 1995, he was President of the Constitutionnal Council and President of the Arbitration Commission for former Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1995. Since 1995, M. Badinter has served as Senator and as President of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration. Senator Badinter has authored numerous books including The Execution, Freedom, Freedoms, and Free and Equals.

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Mr. Justice Binnie, B.A., LL.B., LL.M., was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada on January 8, 1998. Prior to his appointment, he was a senior partner of McCarthy Tétrault from 1986 to 1998, an Associate Deputy Minister of Justice for Canada from 1982 to 1986 and practised litigation at Wright & McTaggart and successor firms from 1967 to 1982. He studied law at the University of Toronto and at Cambridge University and is a member of the English Bar, the Bar of Ontario, and the Bar of the Yukon Territory. In 1984 he was admitted to practice before the International Court of Justice.

Justice Binnie was among counsel for Canada against the United States in the Gulf of Maine dispute before the International Court of Justice in 1984, and against France in the St. Pierre and Miquelon maritime boundary dispute in 1991. He was appointed Special Parliamentary Counsel to the Joint Senate and House of Commons Committee examining the Meech Lake Accord in 1990. He appeared as counsel before the Supreme Court of Canada in many leading constitutional, civil and occasional criminal cases. He was an advisor to the Government of Newfoundland respecting constitutional amendments to the Terms of Union. Justice Binnie has been a part-time lecturer on aboriginal rights at Osgoode Hall Law School, a Director of the International Commission of Jurists, and a Lecturer at the Upper Canada Law Society, The Canadian Bar Association, The Advocates' Society and other professional associations. He is the author of numerous publications. He was elected a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers in 1992, is a Member of the Middle Temple Inns of Court (England), and is Chairman of the Ontario Rhodes Scholarship Selection Committee.

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Robert Blecker received his B.A. from Tufts University in 1969 where he rebelled against the abolitionism of Hugo Bedau. The first graduate to design his own interdisciplinary major, Tufts produced three of his one-act plays and created the Balch Travelling and Playwriting Fellowship for him. Blecker taught creative writing and American culture at the University of Vincennes, Paris. Harvard Law School awarded his thesis its Oberman Prize for the best of the 1974 graduating class. Blecker than became a state Special Assistant Attorney General, prosecuting official corruption in New York City's criminal justice system. He was a Harvard University Fellow in Law and Humanities, 1976-1977. A Professor of Criminal Law at New York Law School since 1975, his courses have included: Criminals and Our Urge to Punish Them; Constitutional History; and the Death Penalty. His antifederalist monologue, 'Vote NO!' premiered at the Kennedy Center, and was featured on National Public Radio. For 13 years (1986 to 1999) Blecker spent hundreds of hours inside Lorton prison system probing the lives of street criminals, mostly convicted murderers. His essay "Among Killers, Searching for the Worst of the Worst" was front page Outlook Section, Washington Post (12/3/2000). A frequent commentator on the death penalty on national news programs, his book Who Deserves to Die will be published in 2003.

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Hadar Cars
Chairman of the Swedish Paneuropean Union 1999 -

Chairman of the Sweden-Israel Friendship Association 2000 -

Member of the European Parliament 1995-99
- Member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defence
- Member of the Committee on Institutional Affairs
- Member of the Committee on Women´s Rights
- Member of the Board of the Liberal Group

Member of the Swedish Parliament 1980-82; 1985-94
- Chairman of the EC- Delegation
- Chairman of the EES Committee
- Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Industry and Trade

Minister of Trade 1978-79
- responsible within the Cabinet for foreign and domestic trade, economic defence, custom service, tourism and matters relating to competition and consumer policy

Stockholm Chamber of Commerce 1969-78
- Deputy Managing Director

Swedish Nat. Com. of the International Chamber of Commerce 1969-78
- Secretary General/Director

Stockholm University 1965-68
- Lecturer in Political Science

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James E. Coleman, Jr. received his A.B. from Harvard University, and his J.D. from Columbia University. A native of Charlotte, North Carolina, Professor Coleman's experience includes a judicial clerkship for the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, a year in private practice in New York, and fifteen years in private practice in Washington, D.C., the last twelve as a partner in a large law firm. In private practice, he specialized in federal court and administrative litigation; he also represented criminal defendants in capital collateral proceedings. In 1976, he joined the Legal Services Corporation, where he served for two years as an assistant general counsel. In 1978, he conducted an investigation of two members of Congress as chief counsel for the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. In 1980, he served as a deputy general counsel for the U.S. Department of Education. After visiting Duke to teach a seminar on capital punishment in 1989, he joined the faculty full-time in 1991 and taught criminal law, research and writing, and a seminar on capital punishment. He returned to private practice in 1993, but continued to teach a seminar on capital punishment as a senior visiting lecturer. He rejoined the faculty full-time in 1996. He teaches criminal law, legal ethics, negotiation and mediation, and capital punishment.

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Mike Farrell, an actor, producer, writer and director, is a human rights activist and life-long opponent of the death penalty. Traveling, speaking, writing and debating, often on radio and television, he has worked on behalf of condemned men and women in many states over the years, often organizing support from celebrities, religious leaders, Members of the U.S. Congress and Senate in these efforts to educate the public and encourage governors to grant clemency. In September of '97, he helped organize an event for Bacre Waly N'Diaye, the U.N. Special Rapporteur for Extrajudicial, Summary and Arbitrary Executions, and in June of '98, testified before the Inter-American Court on Human Rights in San Jose, Costa Rica. From 1997 to 2001 he served as a member of the State of California's Commission on Judicial Performance. Mr. Farrell is currently the spokesperson for Concern America, an international refugee aid and development organization, co-chair of Human Rights Watch/California and president of the board of directors of Death Penalty Focus, a national abolition organization based in California.

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Lennert Groll
Born in Stockholm in 1925 Groll grew up in this city and studied Law and Political Science at Stockholm University. He wrote a doctors thesis on Secrecy Law and its relation to Press Freedom.

After assignments in different state agencies Groll joined the Swedish Judiciary in 1957 and passed the usual steps of the career system. He was promoted to be Associate Judge at the Stockholm Court of Appeal in 1962 and later became Appeal Court Judge.
In accordance with practice in the Swedish Judiciary Groll was granted leave of absence for other assignments. He served as a Secretary to the Standing Committee on Constitutional Law of the Swedish Parliament and as an assistant to the Swedish Ombudsman. In 1969 Groll was appointed to be the first holder of the new office as Press Ombudsman (PO). This office was set up by the Press itself as part of its self-regulation system. He returned to the Stockholm Court of Appeal in 1979 to serve as Head of Division until retirement in 1992.

Groll published a book on the work of the Press Ombudsman in 1976. He has also contributed numerous articles to Law Journals, magazines and newspapers on different legal and political matters.

Groll is a member of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) and is presently one of the Vice Presidents of the Commission.

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Henderson Hill is a partner with Ferguson, Stein, Chambers, Wallas, Adkins, Gresham & Sumter, P.A., with a practice in medical negligence, civil rights, death penalty defense, and general civil trials. Mr. Hill received his B.A. degree from Lehman College at the City University of New York and his J.D. degree from Harvard Law School. Mr. Hill began his career with the Public Defender Service in Washington D.C. In 1991, he became the director of the North Carolina Death Penalty Resource Center, later founding and serving as director of the Center for Death Penalty Litigation, a non-profit organization. Mr. Hill is a frequent presenter and lecturer for many programs and professional organizations on Trial Advocacy and Death Penalty Defense. Mr. Hill is a member of the North Carolina Bar Association and the North Carolina Academy of Trial Lawyers, where he serves on the board of Governors. In 1999, Mr. Hill received the Paul Green Award from the North Carolina Civil Liberties Union for his work to abolish the death penalty. In 1999, he was a founding member of The Charlotte Coalition for Moratorium Now, a grass roots organization that led the successful drive for a resolution supporting a Moratorium on executions by the Charlotte City Council and a leading organization in the effort to enact a Moratorium in North Carolina.

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Peter Hodgkinson is Founder and Director of the Centre for Capital Punishment Studies, Westminster University Law School, London. Prior to joining Westminster in 1989 he was a Probation Officer with the Inner London Probation Service for 15 years during which time he developed an interest and expertise in the management of Life Sentenced and Mentally Disordered Offenders. He is the Admissions Tutor for Law and module leader for two Criminal Justice courses and the Internship in Capital Punishment Studies, in addition he teaches a course about capital punishment on the MA Crime, Human Rights and the International Community. As Advisor to the Council of Europe on the death penalty and a Member of the UK Foreign Secretary's Death Penalty Panel he works with the administrations of a number of countries [Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, Albania, Belarus, United States of America, Yugoslavia, China and Taiwan] developing penal strategies in preparation for replacing the death penalty and the aftermath. He has produced a number of publications on the death penalty including Capital Punishment: Global issues and prospects [Editors: Hodgkinson & Rutherford], Waterside Press 1996: Capital Punishment in the USA, Hodgkinson et alia, UK Parliamentary Human Rights Group, 1996 and forthcoming with Schabas [Eds], Capital Punishment: strategies for abolition, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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Harold Hongju Koh is Gerard C. & Bernice Latrobe Smith Professor of International Law at Yale Law School. A Korean-American, from 1998 to 2001, he served as Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. A Marshall Scholar and a graduate of Harvard, Oxford, and Harvard Law School, Professor Koh served as law clerk to Judge Malcolm Wilkey of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, and Justice Harry Blackmun of the United States Supreme Court. He practiced law at the Washington D.C. law firm of Covington and Burling and at the Office of Legal Counsel at the U.S. Department of Justice. He has given named lectures at more than twenty-five universities and has been recognized with seven honorary degrees and numerous awards for his human rights work, which includes the representation of Haitian and Cuban refugees before the United States Supreme Court. He was named by American Lawyer magazine as one of America's 45 leading public sector lawyers under the age of 45, and by A Magazine as one of the 100 most influential Asian-Americans of the 1990s. He lives in New Haven with his wife, Mary-Christy Fisher, a New Haven legal services attorney, and his children, Emily and William.

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Stefano Manacorda was born in Naples, Italy. He is Associated Professor in Criminal Law at Seconda Università di Napoli and since 1997 has served as Visiting Lecturer in European Community Law and Criminal Matter at Université Paris 1 Panthéon. Sr. Mancorda received a B.A. cum laude, Law from Università Federico II, Napoli, a Master cum laude in Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure from Università di Napoli Federico II, a Master in Criminal Law and Criminal Policy in Europe from Université de Paris 1, Panthéon-Sorbonne and his Ph.D. in Criminal Law from Università di Firenze. From 2000-2002, Sr. Mancorda was International Co-ordinator for the EU Human Rights Program (Laboratory for the International Criminal System Program) and Co-director of the Law Clinic in International Criminal Law at Seconda Università di Napoli. He has been a Member of the EU Research Team for the European Commission, and International Co-ordinator of the EU's Falcone and Grotius Programs. Sr. Mancorda has been a visiting professor at the Institut für Kriminalwissenschaft der Juristischen Fakultät Humboldt-Universität in Berlin, the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme in Paris, and the Institut für Kriminologie und Wirtschaftsstrafrecht Albert-Ludwig Universität in Freiburg.

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Lawrence C. Marshall is professor of law at the Northwestern University School of Law, where he teaches clinical practice, civil procedure, constitutional criminal procedure, legal ethics, appellate practice, and a seminar on wrongful convictions. He is the founder and Legal Director of Northwestern's renowned Center in Wrongful Convictions. Through the Center and Northwestern's Bluhm Legal Clinic, he has represented many wrongfully convicted defendants, including former Illinois death row prisoners Rolando Cruz, Gary Gauger, Anthony Porter, Ronald Jones, and Darby Tillis. He also represented Willie Rainge, one of the innocent men convicted in what has become known as the Ford Heights Four case. A 1985 summa cum laude graduate of the Northwestern School of Law, Mr. Marshall clerked for Chief Judge Patricia M. Wald of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and for U.S. Supreme Court
Justice John Paul Stevens before joining the law school faculty in 1987. Mr. Marshall is a prolific author of both scholarly and popular articles on criminal justice issues. He has won a number of awards, including the American Bar Association's Pro Bono Award, the Mexican Legal Defense Fund Community Service Award, the Legal Eagle Award from the Independent Voters of Illinois/Independent Precinct Organization, the Robert H. Childres Award for Teaching Excellence, and the Chicago Bar Foundation's Edward J. Lewis II Pro Bono Award.

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Speedy Rice graduated first in his class from California Western School of Law in 1986. Practiced aviation law in San Diego, CA from 1986 to 1995. In 1989 opened his law practice concentrating in aircraft accident litigation. In 1993 he began teaching at Gonzaga Law School in Spokane, WA. At Gonzaga, he is Director of the Externship Program as well as founder and Director of the International Criminal Justice Law Clinic. He teaches courses in International Human Rights, Civil Procedure, Conflicts, Evidence, Remedies, Trial Advocacy, and Aviation Law. In addition to his trial work, Mr. Rice has also argued cases before the California Supreme Court, New Mexico Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court. He is the point person for NACDL on international death penalty issues and regularly writes amicus briefs on International Law in death penalty and criminal cases for the organization.

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Austin Sarat is William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Jurisprudence & Political Science at Amherst College. He is a past President of the Law & Society Association and current President of the Association for the Study of Law, Culture, and the Humanities. He holds a Ph. D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin and a J.D. from Yale Law School. He is the author of more than one hundred scholarly articles and the author or editor of more than thirty books, including Law's Violence, The Killing State, Pain, Death, and the Law, and Divorce Lawyers and Their Clients. His latest book When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition was published in May, 2001 by Princeton University Press. His public writing has appeared on the op-ed pages of such newspapers as The Los Angeles Times and in magazines like the American Prospect. In 1997 he received The Harry Kalven Award given by the Law & Society Association for "distinguished research on law and society." At Amherst, he was a co-founder of the College's newest academic department, Law, Jurisprudence, & Social Thought. He teaches Secrets and Lies, The Social Organization of Law, Punishment, Politics, and Culture, Murder, and Myth, Film, and the Law. He has appeared on The O'Reilly Factor and provided commentary on National Public Radio's The Connection, on MSNBC News, and Fox News among others. His teaching has been featured in The New York Times, The Boston Globe, on National Public Radio, and on The Today Show.

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Professor William A. Schabas is director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights at the National University of Ireland, Galway, where he also holds the chair in human rights law. Professor Schabas holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Toronto and LL.B., LL.M. and LL.D. degrees from the University of Montreal. Professor Schabas is the author of twelve books dealing in whole or in part with international human rights law, and more than 100 articles in academic journals, and is editor-in-chief of Criminal Law Forum. He was a delegate of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy to the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. He is a member of the board of several international human rights organizations, including the International Institute for Criminal Investigation, of which he is chair. Professor Schabas has been professor of human rights law and criminal law at the Département des sciences juridiques of the Université du Québec à Montréal and a member of the Quebec Human Rights Tribunal. Professor Schabas was a senior fellow at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington during the academic year 1998-99. In 1998, Professor Schabas was awarded the Bora Laskin Research Fellowship in Human Rights by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

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Ivan Solotaroff, author of "The Last Face You'll Ever See: The Private Life of the American Death Penalty," is a journalist living in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. His staff jobs have included Senior Writer positions at Esquire, The Village Voice, ESPN: The Magazine, Entertainment Weekly, and Philadelphia Magazine; his work (in the States) has appeared in The New Yorker, GQ, Elle, Vogue, The New York Times Magazine, etc., and has been translated into some 20 languages. He spent three years traveling to America's Deep South to research the lives and work of America's busiest executioners, hoping to understand the realities of the penalty at first hand, before finally focusing on the two men who ran Mississippi's gas chamber in the 1980s. He is also the author of "No Success Like Failure," a collection of essays.

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Carol Steiker is Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. Professor Steiker attended Harvard-Radcliffe Colleges and Harvard Law School, where she served as president of the Harvard Law Review. After clerking for Judge J. Skelly Wright of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals and Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court, she worked as a staff attorney for the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia, where she represented indigent defendants at all stages of the criminal process. She has been a member of the Harvard Law School faculty since 1992, and she served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs from 1998-2001. Professor Steiker is the author of numerous scholarly articles in the fields of criminal law, criminal procedure, and capital punishment, and most recently served on the Board of Editors of the Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice (2nd ed. Macmillan, 2002). She is currently at work on two book-length projects, one on the changing face of capital punishment in America and one on mercy and the institutions of criminal justice. In addition to her scholarly work, Professor Steiker has served as a consultant and an expert witness on issues of criminal justice for a number of non-profit organizations and federal and state legislatures.

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Bryan Stevenson is the Executive Director of the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama in Montgomery, Alabama and also an Assistant Professor of Law at the New York University School of Law. His representation of poor people and death row prisoners in the deep south has won him national recognition. He and his staff have been successful in overturning dozens of capital murder cases and death sentences where poor people have been unconstitutionally convicted or sentenced. Mr. Stevenson has been recognized as one of the top public interest lawyers in the country. His efforts to confront bias against the poor and people of color in the criminal justice system have earned him dozens of national awards including the National Public Interest Lawyer of the Year, the Thurgood Marshall Medal of Justice, the ABA Wisdom Award for Public Service, the ACLU National Medal of Liberty, the Reebok Human Rights Award, the Olaf Palme Prize for International Human Rights and the prestigious MacArthur Foundation Fellowship Award Prize. He is a graduate of Harvard Law School and the Harvard School of Government. He has published articles on race and poverty and the criminal justice system, and manuals on capital litigation and habeas corpus.

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Oliviero Toscani, born in Milan, Italy, studied photography and design at the Hochschule fur Gestaltung in Zurich. He is internationally renowned as the creative force behind some of the world's most successful magazines and brands, including corporate images and advertising campaigns. His fashion photography has appeared in many internationally-known magazines. From 1982 to 2000, he built United Colors of Benetton into one of the world's most recognized brands, giving the company its corporate image, identity and communication strategy. In 1990 he conceived, created and directed Colors, the world's first global magazine. In 1993, he invented, founded, and directed Fabrica, an international center for research in the arts of modern communication which has produced editorial projects, books, television programs and exhibitions for the United Nations, UNHCR, La Repubblica, ARTE, MTV, RAI, and prize winning films. Toscani's work has been exhibited at museums around the world. He has won 4 Lions d'Or at Cannes Festival, the Unesco Grand Prix, and twice the Grand Prix d'affichage. He has taught visual communications at two universities, and has written three books on communication. From 1999 to the end of 2000 Toscani was the creative director at Talk Miramax in New York. Toscani is now focusing his creative and communication experience on the new media.

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Penny White has served as a judge at every level of the court system in Tennessee. In 1990, she was elected to serve as Circuit Judge in the First Judicial District of Tennessee, the first woman to seek and hold that office. In 1992, she was appointed to the Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals and in 1994 she was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court, the second woman and youngest person to ever hold that office. While on the Supreme Court she was very involved in devising the state's judicial evaluation and alternative dispute resolution programs and in redrafting the state's post-conviction procedure. White is presently an associate professor of law at the University of Tennessee College of Law where she teaches evidence, professional responsibility, trial practice, and pretrial litigation. In addition, she is a member of the faculty and the Faculty Council at the National Judicial College. White also teaches in judicial and legal education courses across the country on the topics of criminal procedure, evidence, ethics, death penalty, judicial independence, and trial techniques. In 2001, White authored two books for the Tennessee judiciary, and several articles on topics including judicial independence, capital punishment, and trial practice techniques and a book on sentencing for the National Judicial College. In 2002, she will coauthor a book on Tennessee criminal procedure.

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